Chakkiliyan (Hindu traditions) in India


Population
Main Language
Largest Religion
Christian
Evangelical
Progress
Progress Gauge
* Data can be from various sources including official census, agencies, and local research. Data from these sources can sometimes differ even by orders of magnitude. Joshua Project attempts to present a conservative, balanced estimate.

Subgroups: 1

Subgroup Name Population
Gola 51,000

Introduction / History

At some point in India's history, a whole class of people were forced by violence and religious sanction into demeaning roles. These are the lowest caste, and among them, the Chakkiliyans have exceptionally low status in the Hindu caste system.


What Are Their Lives Like?

Today, some of the Chakkiliyan in south India are educated, occupying administrative positions both in private and public sectors. But most of the Chakkiliyan have a low standard of living and a low literacy rate. They work as leather workers or "night soil" removers. Night soil is a respectable term for human waste. This is also an outcome of the lack of a proper sanitation system throughout India. Due to their association with night soil, others in Indian society have been reluctant to associate with them including other low status communities. Some Chakkiliyan work in agricultural and day laborers across western and northern Tamil Nadu. They usually live in a place that is apart from the main village. Many place names in India and Sri Lanka are named for this community.


What Are Their Beliefs?

Most of the Chakkiliyan practice Hinduism, the ancient religion of India. They worship and serve the gods of the Hindu pantheon. Hindus believe that by performing rituals and good works that they will attain "moksha" or freedom from the endless cycle of birth, death and rebirth. The Chakkiliyan visit Hindu shrines and offer prayers, food, flowers, and incense to their gods in hopes of gaining protection and benefits. They do not have a personal or familial relationship with their gods as Christians do. There are many forms of Hinduism, each with its own deities and beliefs.


What Are Their Needs?

The Chakkiliyan need the esteem that comes from having their identity in Christ, not in the status others give them. Most of them need to learn to read and write. They need new job skills, so they are able to provide for their families. They would benefit from access to modern medicine and clean water.


Prayer Points

Pray that God would provide the Chakkiliyan children with good schools and teachers. Ask the Lord to send out workers to them who will help them put their trust in Christ. Ask the Lord to provide trained pastors who can teach the believers the Word of God.


Scripture Prayers for the Chakkiliyan (Hindu traditions) in India.


Profile Source:   Keith Carey  

People Name General Chakkiliyan (Hindu traditions)
People Name in Country Chakkiliyan (Hindu traditions)
Alternate Names Arava Chakali; Arava Chakkali; Arava Chakkali/Kristava Arundhatiyar; Arundhatiyar; Cakkala; Cakkali; Cakkoli; Chakka; Chakkala; Chucklers; Kristava Arundhatiyar; Madari; Pagadai; Toti; Vattakkadan; चक्कीलियनएसी
Population this Country 967,000
Population all Countries 994,000
Total Countries 2
Indigenous Yes
Progress Scale 1
Unreached Yes
Frontier People Group Yes
GSEC 6  (per PeopleGroups.org)
Pioneer Workers Needed 19
PeopleID3 16600
ROP3 Code 111805
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States on file 19
Largest States
(only 15 largest shown)
Tamil Nadu
900,000
Kerala
43,000
Andhra Pradesh
11,000
Maharashtra
5,300
Puducherry
2,900
Delhi
2,400
Telangana
1,300
Karnataka
700
West Bengal
300
Andaman and Nicobar
300
Chhattisgarh
200
Madhya Pradesh
200
Odisha
200
Gujarat
100
Chandigarh
80
Districts Interactive map, listing and data download
Specialized Website South Asia Peoples
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States 19
  Tamil Nadu 900,000
  Kerala 43,000
  Andhra Pradesh 11,000
  Maharashtra 5,300
  Puducherry 2,900
  Delhi 2,400
  Telangana 1,300
  Karnataka 700
  West Bengal 300
  Andaman and Nicobar 300
  Chhattisgarh 200
  Madhya Pradesh 200
  Odisha 200
  Gujarat 100
  Chandigarh 80
Website South Asia Peoples
Primary Religion: Hinduism
Major Religion Percent *
Buddhism
0.08 %
Christianity  (Evangelical Unknown)
0.07 %
Ethnic Religions
0.00 %
Hinduism
99.85 %
Islam
0.00 %
Non-Religious
0.00 %
Other / Small
0.01 %
Unknown
0.00 %
* From latest India census data.
Current Christian values may substantially differ.
Primary Language Tamil (805,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Language Written Yes   ScriptSource Listing
Total Languages 4
Secondary Languages
Malayalam
40,000
Telugu
14,000
Kannada
60
Primary Language Tamil (805,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Total Languages 4
Secondary Languages
  Malayalam 40,000
  Telugu 14,000
  Kannada 60
People Groups Speaking Tamil

Primary Language:  Tamil

Bible Translation Status  (Years)
Bible-Portions Yes  (1714-1956)
Bible-New Testament Yes  (1715-1998)
Bible-Complete Yes  (1727-2024)
FCBH NT (www.bible.is) Online
YouVersion NT (www.bible.com) Online
Possible Print Bibles
Amazon
World Bibles
Forum Bible Agencies
National Bible Societies
World Bible Finder
Virtual Storehouse
Resource Type Resource Name Source
Audio Recordings Audio Bible teaching Global Recordings Network
Audio Recordings General Ministry Resources General / Other
Audio Recordings Love letter to you from scripture Father's Love Letter
Audio Recordings Online Audio Scripture Talking Bibles
Audio Recordings Recorded oral Bible Oral Bibles
Film / Video Following Jesus video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video God's Story video God's Story
Film / Video Indigitube.tv Video / Animation Create International
Film / Video Jesus Film: view in Tamil Jesus Film Project
Film / Video LUMO film of Gospels Bible Media Group/LUMO
Film / Video Magdalena video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video My Last Day video, anime Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Rivka video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Story of Jesus for Children Jesus Film Project
Film / Video World Christian Videos World Christian Videos
General Bible for Children Bible for Children
General Bible in text or audio or video Internet Publishing Sevice
General Bible in text or audio or video South Asia Bibles
General Biblical answers to your questions Got Questions Ministry
General Comprehensive list of Tamil Resources General / Other
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Gospel website in this language General / Other
General Scripture Earth Gospel resources links Scripture Earth
General Voice of the Martyrs resources Voice of the Martyrs
General YouVersion Bible versions in text and/or audio YouVersion Bibles
General Zume Resources Zume Project
General Zume Training Zume Project
Mobile App Android Bible app: Pastors Study Bible Tamil Grace Ministries and Dusty Sandals
Mobile App Android Bible app: Tamil YouVersion Bibles
Mobile App Android Bible App: Tamil Bible (தமிழ் பைபிள்) Indian Revised Version (IRV) Operation Agape
Mobile App Android Bible app: Tamil Study Bible Grace Ministries and Dusty Sandals
Mobile App Android Bible Radio app: Tamil Bible Radio Shalom Design S2dio
Mobile App Download audio Bible app as APK file Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App Download audio Bible app as APK file Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App Download audio Bible app from Google Play Store Faith Comes by Hearing
Mobile App iOS Bible app: Tamil YouVersion Bibles
Mobile App iOS Bible Radio App: Tamil Bible Radio iOS Revive India
Text / Printed Matter Children and youth resources One Hope
Text / Printed Matter Literacy primer for Tamil Literacy & Evangelism International
Text / Printed Matter Tools for faith conversations Cru
Text / Printed Matter Topical Scripture booklets and Bible studies World Missionary Press
Photo Source Thamizhpparithi Maari - Wikimedia  Creative Commons 
Map Source People Group Location: Omid. Other geography / data: GMI. Map Design: Joshua Project  
Profile Source Keith Carey 
Data Sources Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more.


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